The marriage is the ” union of one man and one woman ” 1 . It is the solemn and formal act which establishes between the spouses a community of wealth Phen375 and fame called ” family “(or home , fire , cleaning …) which aims to create a sustainable way of life common to parents and children for their education. In traditional societies, marriage is the political alliance of two families or two clans.
For several years, eight West 2 , and South Africa, Argentina, six states of the United States and affiliate marketing ebook the City of Mexico , have also provided the possibility of gay marriage . Several dictionaries fall on the definition of a marriage that no longer understands the difference in sex of the spouses 3 .
Next to the wedding, there are other forms of union. The concubinage , which is an institution as old as marriage, is a de facto community resulting from the notorious cohabitation and durable, while the civil union (for example in France called PACS ), onset, has formalization of a couple with effects generally more limited than marriage.
Marriage is an institution that has taken many forms in different people and in history. Universally designed to punish a part dedicated to the development of family 4 , marriage gives special status to spouses: it empowers the individual, which becomes a major , and gives obligations to his 100 day loans spouse, his offspring and future spouse’s family . The establishment of a marriage always gives rise to a ceremonial public, often at a party , the whole being called the ” wedding ” 5 . Marriage has a legal but also ritual 6 (secular or religious). In countries where political institutions are separate from religious institutions, there are the civil marriage of religious marriage (which generally requires a civil marriage first).
In some cases, the spouses can not remarry until the first is valid, it is called system monogamous . This type of union, prescribed since ancient times, both in the Gallic tradition 7 , which by tradition Christian , is found in the positive law of all countries European . In other times and other places, marriages may be contracted with multiple people at once, the system is then said polygamous . In a number engagement ring of countries, including African and Arab to Muslim culture , but also among the Mormons at the xix th century who practiced plural marriage , polygamous marriage can be between a man with several women: it is polygyny . The polyandry is the marriage of a woman with several men, one 
type of polygamous unions practiced in some countries in Asia .
The marriage was at all times one of the main themes of inspiration for painting, sculpture, mythology, fiction, folk tales, music, dramatic arts, song, the opera and comic opera, the singers. It has been the subject of pay day loan considerable study in the field of legal history, comparative law, sociology and ethnology.
The concept of marriage covers several realities:
Marriage is both a personal act and a social act.
He brought a mixed, both institutional and contractual.
This union can be civil when it is recorded by a registrar appointed by the state or religious when it is recorded by the priest of a religion.
Marriage is always a commitment for an unlimited electric cigarette period, with the possibility of rupture, either by separation or the divorce . It is not accepted by some religions, like Catholicism , which admits only the annulment of marriage in particular because of flawed consent of the spouses or lack of consumption.
Marriage involves a principle of community life, that is to say, to live together and have sex , their inability or refusal may be, in different countries and eras, a cause of cancellation or divorce.
As he sealed a lasting union, the marriage may be made to serve political purposes (building alliances between lineages or tribes, seal the peace between two kingdoms …) or economic (transfer of property, obtaining capital, a dot …) 8 .
Other definitions of marriage
For the Roman Catholic Church , it is the bride and groom, not the priest, who call themselves marriage through the exchange of consent and the promise they make. But marriage is sacred, it is hcg diet reviews a sacrament: “The matrimonial covenant, by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of all life, by its nature ordered toward the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of children, was raised between baptized by Christ the Lord to the dignity of the sacrament . ” 9
Types of unions
Unions exist in numerous forms in the world. Systems theorists of kinship , as users of the current language, therefore the use of specific words to name the characteristics of each. So we distinguish the following concepts, which are not all exclusive to each other:
the monogamy
If the spouses can not remarry until the first is valid, then the type of union is called monogamous . This type of union is present especially in countries growing Judeo-Christian .
the polygamy
It allows a person to contract several marriages at the same time.
the bigamy
This is the case of a person having both spouses.
the polygyny
In a number of countries, including African and Arab Muslim culture, but also among the Mormons at the xix th century (see plural marriage ), marriage can be between a man with several women, it is polygyny .
the polyandry
The polyandry is the marriage of a woman with several men, this type of union is practiced in some countries in Asia .
In Western societies family type, and in other countries of the world, monogamy predominates, unlike the older societies like tribal, where polygamy (or polyandry) tends to prevail. In all cases, the higher authority, State or Church publicly recognizes and formalizes the marriage. It is this authority that establishes the rights and obligations of the marriage and the rules of its breakage.
History of marriage
Antiquity
Egypt
In the ancient Egypt , the marriage reflects the desire of a couple like the Egyptian deities who have almost all their consort .
Judaism
In ancient Judaism, marriage is preceded by an engagement after a contract with the father of the girl (if it has less than twelve years) that marked the acquisition of it by her future husband. From vps hosting the age of majority (12 years), the girl has of herself and receives the sum given by her future husband (Treaty of Kidouchin 42.). The engagement – which can not be denounced as an act of divorce – are followed, after about a year of marriage, after which the bride from under the possession of the husband. The husband agrees to feed, clothe and honor his coat. The young men marry between the ages of twelve and a half – then corresponding to the age of majority – and fourteen years for the girl, and between eighteen and twenty-four years for their husbands. The right of the wife are limited denver injury lawyer and a discussion of rabbinic Jerusalem Talmud explains that the acquisition of a wife does not differ fundamentally from that of a slave 10 .
In case of death of the spouse unless the couple has a male descendant, his wife and property shall pass to the brother of the latter or, in case of refusal of the latter, his closest male relative while it is suspension lift kits the first son of the man who became the heir of the deceased. The adultery of the woman is punished by death (as well as the man with whom she had a report), by stoning if she is engaged and strangulation if she is married. The man has Containers the ability to divorce his wife if he criticizes “something shocking” 11 – a concept more or less widely interpreted as rabbis. The wife she has the option of divorce if her husband makes her stand out degrading, is afflicted with leprosy has a smelly job, or if it does not meet the commitments mentioned in the marriage contract. Moreover it must be repudiated if it has not given birth during the ten years after her marriage. Finally, Jewish law allows polygamy , since man does not have to divorce his wife to take another, a provision that the high cost of divorce is perhaps no stranger 10 . However, the woman could stipulate in her marriage contract that monogamy from the husband the marriage condition (Treaty of Yebamot, 65.).
Greco-Roman antiquity
In ancient Greece , men differed from the gods, including the need to ensure the survival of their species through the union of men and women. To distinguish humans from other animals, so the marriage was a social tool that legitimated the children who were born, and the transmission of estates, or social status 4 .
In ancient Rome , the betrothal and marriage were the subject of many rituals. It was in Rome is an iron ring for the first time in the rites of betrothal (not marriage), to the third ii th century BC. AD . The ring is then a sign of recognition, either for public or private affairs 12 . Among the Romans, the bride was covered with the flammeum , sailing red-orange 13 . Other wedding rituals such as the wreath, took place in the Roman customs. These rituals and superstitions scandalized the early Christians, which has not prevented some we have been transmitted (the alliance and the veil and conjunctio dextrarum , join right hands).
Late Empire and Christianity
Towards the end of antiquity , the Christian begins to influence the institution of marriage. Before the great invasions , the relationship between Germans and Gallo-Romans are such that the Theodosian Code (AD 370 ) prohibits mixed marriages. The IV th and v th centuries , St. Augustine defines a concept of marriage that still influences the vision Bins of the Catholic Church . Marriage was a key issue for him, so much so that he was sometimes called the “Doctor of Christian marriage.” Augustine summed up in three real reflection of the early Fathers of the Church on marriage: the proles (offspring or generation), the fides (the fidelity or mutual assistance), and sacramentum (sacrament). The sacrament is translated into the Greek mysterion (mystery), and is borrowed from St. Paul (Eph. ppi claim 5, 32), which qualifies as the marriage of Christ and the Church , embodied by the Christian marriage 14 denver martial arts .
Middle Ages
The marriage auctions online appears for the first life insurance quotes time as one of the sacraments , next to the Eucharist , of penance and baptism , in a decree of Pope Lucian III against heretics in 1184 . His decree, probably read in the council Denver Divorce Attorney of Verona , will be replicated in several canonical collections and followed by other similar professions of faith 15 .
This t shirt design is the website hosting fourth Lateran Council that marriage is highlighted as one of the seven sacraments and defined as the union of two wills more than like two bodies. This means that the marriage may be dissolved by death. The bans become binding 16 .
The decretals of Gregory IX in 1234 , dedicated to the integration of marriage seven sacraments of the Church 15 .
Before the Council of Trent , the canonical form of marriage is a consensual marriage , just waiting to be valid the consent of the spouses, and does not require the presence of a priest 17 .
Modern Times
Marriage in the eighteenth century ( Giulio Rosati )
At the beginning of xvi th century , Erasmus critical 1516 the sacrament of marriage , the celibacy of priests , and indissolubility. In 1526 , he adopted more moderate positions in the institution of Christian marriage 18 .
Luther also criticized the Catholic marriage, and lays the foundation of the Protestant 
doctrine in 1520 , in Babylonian Captivity of the Church 18 .
At a session of the Council of Trent devoted to STD Test marriage, the decree Tametsi requires the marriage to be celebrated by the priest to witnesses 19 .
In the xvii th and xviii th centuries, kings increasingly involved in regulating marriage [ref. needed] . The “sentimental revolution” that reached Europe from the xviii th century place of affection in the family and marriage and has led the development of the love match 20 . It was also at that time than the United States , the first laws prohibiting marriages called “interracial” are enacted as part of slavery . These laws, known as miscegenation Laws (in) , ppi claim enacted in a clearly racist , aim to prevent interbreeding , considered harmful to the ” white race “. They will multiply the xix th century and will remain in effect at the San Diego Homes For Rent xx th century : in 1948 : 30 states had enacted such laws. Only with the stop Loving v. Virginia in 1967 that the Supreme Court ruled such laws unconstitutional.
Contemporary: the emergence of civil marriage
Wedding procession in Britain .
In France, under the old regime , the religious ceremony was preceded by the notable families of what was called an abusive “marriage before a notary,” civil legal act which was a promise of marriage and all that regulated secular and heritage issues by a contract between the future spouses and their families. In this form, marriage is a particular kind of civil contract.
In France, the ceremony ‘s religious marriage becomes first Republican in the Revolution , especially with the Theophilanthropy becomes the only religion of State . Churches, temples and synagogues are closed, some become temples of the cult of Reason and the Supreme Being .
The law of 20 September 1792 establishes the civil marriage , registered in town hall , which becomes the only valid in the eyes of the law 21 . This law allows divorce by mutual consent for incompatibility of temper or character, or for reasons attributable to one spouse.
Since the xix th century , France held the vital is not delegated by the State to the pastors of parishes , but the mayors of the municipalities that are also responsible for conducting the marriages. Thus, marriage can be reduced to a single aspect of civil act approved by the administrative authority, without adding any sacred dimension, social or religious. This trend follows the trend of separation between the powers of the Church and of the State in Western societies. States wishing to assert their legitimacy among the population, most of the institutions structuring the social order have become secular : education, law, science, etc..
Religious authorities are forbidden to conduct religious marriages without making sure that the couple had previously been married civilly 22 .
In 1804, the Civil payday loan Code amended to introduce the restrictive conditions of divorce by mutual consent, and keeps the divorce for cause. The law Bonald of 8 May 1816 removes the divorce. It will be restored only in the III e Republic , with the law of 1884 of Alfred Naquet . However, divorce is allowed only for more accurate fault (adultery, sentenced to a afflictive and infamous , excess, abuse and serious injuries).
The Civil Code was first imposed by weapons and as an example, civil marriage is spreading in Europe, although divorce is most often rejected. This pushes the Pope Leo XIII to publish the 10 February 1880 the first encyclical on Christian marriage, Arcanum Divinae 23 .
After the First World War , the German permits posthumous marriage with a soldier who died in battle, says “marriage with the steel helmet.” The ceremony will be kept under the Nazis .
In France, marriage does not change much until the 1975 Act reforming the Civil Code, promulgated under Giscard , cheap auto insurance quotes which adds fault divorce, two grounds for divorce by mutual consent and breach of common life, which transforms the nature of marriage in a lifetime limited contract that spouses can cancel at any time. The distinction between natural children and legitimate and illegitimate is abolished, and the notion of head is removed.
Marriage as an institution
Marriage is an institution which is manifested in social ritual Cell Phone Accessories way, legal or religious , which govern the formation and the operating rules of a community life. This institution was originally intended to provide a social and legal development of the family 4 .
It is also, according to times and places, a way to build alliances between tribes or families , a way of transmitting property , a way to seal an alliance or peace , to claim a position of power, of obtain capital ( dot ) 24 .
Marriage as an institution promoting the stability of society, is promoted by the States, establishing for example the feast of Husband during the French Revolution 25 .
Reasons for marriage
People marry for many reasons, usually for one or more of the following 26 :
the desire to found a family with children , and give them a stable and protective of their education;
the desire to prove his love and to declare publicly;
the desire to make a lasting love affair by giving an official character more difficult to break;
willingness to acquire the social status of male or ziPhone female married, which can be seen as more rewarding than single;
the formalization of legal and social heritage issues (legacy, legitimacy of children, pensions, taxation).
Other motivations may exist as:
legitimize sexual relations 27 ,
get money or power, or facilitate the formalities of immigration or naturalization 28 …
Ethnology
Marriage and locality
In all cultures sedentary, getting married means choosing the geographical existence of the home:
Patrilocality : the home of the couple is geographically in the home or village of the father of the groom. The woman left her home of origin to join her husband.
Matrilocality : the home of the couple is geographically in the village of residence or the mother of the bride. The man leaves home to join the home of the bride.
Neolocal residence : the couple found their home regardless of their parents. This happens most often in Western culture in 2008 .
In some cultures, including traditional, it is possible to see the spouses live in separate residences. This is also observable in the evolution of morals of Western societies.
Special cases
A wedding in Germany in 2005
The arranged marriage : Negotiation between two families to marry their respective children, they can give consent
The Forced Marriage families can force children to marry.
the marriage of : contracted without the intention of the spouses to live together, but in order for one of them to benefit from one or more benefits ( eg employment, property, housing, citizenship, benefits in kind etc.. ).
gay marriage between two individuals of the same sex, or sex undifferentiated.
mixed marriage: between two individuals of cultures different (language, nationality or of ethnicity , of religion different). See for example the case of Franco-Algerian marriage .
marriage in extremis is a situation of imminent danger of death of a spouse who provides all the formalities prior to the marriage (in France, Articles 75 and 169 of the Civil Code)
Posthumous marriage.
Gay marriage
Main article: Same-Sex Marriage .
Since 2001 , following the Netherlands , ten states have established a civil marriage between homosexuals . Other states have established civil unions , concubinage is officially admitted for heterosexual sex couples, as in France the Civil Solidarity Pact (PACS).
In response to the movements mentioned above, some states in the United States have included the nature of heterosexual marriage in their constitutions, such as Florida, Arizona and Arkansas. This question has been debated for several years in California , with Proposition 8 .
Posthumous marriage
Posthumous marriage exists in France and Germany since the First World War . It was reintroduced in French law in 1959, during the disaster Malpasset dam . Other countries have experienced this institution, including the Germany after the First World War , the “marriage with the steel helmet.”
In France, there were electronic cigarette review about 60 posthumous marriages in 2008, authorized under Article 171 of the Civil Code .
According to Article 171 paragraph 1 st , it is necessary authorization from the president who enjoys the sovereign existence of serious grounds (so there is no control of the courts). The serious reason commonly put forward was the pregnancy of the woman and this continues to be so because at the time there was a difference between legitimate and illegitimate children. Today it is mostly a legal issue than a personal will.
We need one of the parties is alive. It is required formalities and official pre-marriage and they mark the unequivocal consent of the deceased, it is necessary to the constitution of the file (here we have a control of the courts), the official formalities . We deduce the consent of the deceased. Consent is assessed before the wedding. The Supreme Court imposes an additional check is the continuation of the consent to the death with the decision of 28 February 2006 the first civil chamber .
The third condition is a continuing consent between the formalities and the wedding day. Section 171 paragraph 2 provides that the date of death will be the date of marriage as the person acquires the personality of married and widowed.
When a marriage is celebrated posthumously, its effects are limited. It gives each spouse the status of a married person, but death dissolves the marriage. Together we form the marriage dissolved through widowhood . Paragraph three states that marriage does not affect posthumous material (no inheritance rights, no marriage law), but all personal ties remain as, among others, the name and the right to food because of the relationship of the other.
Intermarriage
The “mixed marriage” refers generally to a marriage between two individuals from cultures different (language, nationality – see for example the French-Algerian marriage or of ethnicity or religion different). It could be anxiety, related to the fear of miscegenation , and legislation racist .
Thus, from the xvii th century , the first laws prohibiting marriages called “interracial” is enacted in the United States as part of slavery . These laws, known as miscegenation Laws (in) , enacted in a clearly racist , aim to prevent interbreeding , considered harmful to the ” white race “. They will multiply the xix th century and will remain in effect at the xx th century : in 1948 : 30 states had enacted such laws. Only with the stop Loving v. Virginia in 1967 that the Supreme Court ruled such laws unconstitutional.
At the beginning of xx th century , the fear of miscegenation, while the eugenics is growing as a school of thought, is insistent. The bestsellers of the movement völkisch as the sin against the blood (1916) of Artur Dinter popularized the idea of marriage between ” Aryans “to preserve the” race “against the decay chicago dui attorney and” racial pollution “( Rassenschande ) What would the “blood Jew . ” The influence on Nazism such works will be decisive, culminating in the “Law on the Protection of German blood and German honor” of 1935. Any marriage between “Aryans” now requires a “certificate of Aryan” (issued for the SS , the RuSHA ), except in the case of “marriage accelerated” or beschleunigte Eheschließung , nicknamed Kriegstrauung (de) or “wedding of War , “in which a simple statement is enough.
Religious marriage
A wedding in India
Main article: Religious marriage .
Judaism
Main article: Jewish Wedding .
In Judaism , marriage is considered a commitment contract before God in which a man and a woman unite to create a relationship in which God is directly involved. However, Judaism allows divorce 29 .
Though procreation is not the only purpose of marriage, a Jewish marriage is also assumed to obey the command to have children 30 . The main focus is on the relationship between husband and wife. From the perspective of the Kabbalah , marriage means a husband and wife merge into a single soul. This is why a man is considered “incomplete” if he is not married, because his soul is only part of a broader yet to unify 31 .
Christianity
Main article: Christian marriage .
Marriage in the Christian tradition is essentially the alliance of a man and a woman in order to form a family . The religion Christian generally highly regulated this institution, both in practice ritual in the experience level of individuals. Thus, strong traditions exist today hcg diet in the cultural areas where churches of this religion have expanded their influence.
Marriage is considered by churches Catholic and Orthodox as a sacrament . As such, it is indissoluble.
The Catholic Church defines marriage as the lawful union of two persons (man and woman) as provided by law . In the sacrament of marriage, the couple committed for life to God and the Church ” 32 .
The Protestants , who do not consider marriage as a Relevant Life Policies sacrament and admits divorce, prefers to talk about marriage blessing . Some Protestant churches also celebrate same-sex marriages 33 , 34 .
Some sects like the Mormons or admit have admitted polygamy .
Hinduism
Main article: Hindu Marriage .
Islam
Main article: Law of marriage in the Muslim tradition .
Shinto
Main article: Shinto wedding .
Situation in the world
Country
Belgium [ change ]
Only civil marriage is a legal existence. Article 21 of the Constitution provides that civil marriage should precede religious marriage. The gay marriage is legal since January 2003.
China
Chinese traditional marriage has completely disappeared in modern China, but still exists ppi claim in rural areas and among minorities. Traditional marriage in China is divided into six stages, the first marriage proposal in due form, via the go, then follow the engagement, the removal of the bride’s parents’ home, marriage religious festivities of the marriage and, finally, the wedding night.
Comoros
The marriage may be religious, governmental or traditional. Comoros, the marriage can take the value of what is road rage small or large wedding . Marriage is a small one that is celebrated without pomp, with the naib (religious notary), a witness of the groom, the bride … with the minimum of the dot, available or promised. Marriage is great that other looming and brings together a large audience for a banquet among other festivities. This category of marriage, in the case of traditional marriage, the so-called big wedding, a specificity that man announces to marry his wife with whom he may have had children. cash advance loans The regulars at the wedding festivities of Grand Comore (without referring this time, the traditional marriage) include the couple celebrates the traditional marriage. Projects may have been aborted. Parents of the bride may have fed the intention to marry their daughter to a man of their dreams. It would have been the parents hcg diet reviews of “married”. The two families are determined to participate in the celebration of which they never dreamed.
France
Main article: Marriage in France # Detailed map of civil marriage under French law .
Only civil marriage is a legal existence. In addition, the Article 433-21 of the penal code condemns minister who would come to celebrate a religious marriage before the civil marriage. However, same-sex marriages are prohibited.
Civil marriage and religious marriage
The place of civil marriage to the Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church considers the purely civil marriage between two Catholics and two Orthodox is not valid. Similarly, the civil marriage of a Catholic or a non-Orthodox baptism is invalid.
The Church believes that we should not solar power underestimate the civil marriage, and considers that this is not a simple administrative obligation. Indeed, the official declaration of rights and duties of the spouses is fundamental in terms of fidelity, mutual aid, assistance, community life, participation in household expenses, and solidarity in debt (in France, sections 203 and 212 of the Civil Code ).
Cases in different countries
In many European countries and some Latin American countries, the religious ceremony to be held separately from the civil ceremony beforehand, as is the case in Belgium , in Bulgaria , in France , the Netherlands , in Romania and Turkey 35 .
In some countries like the U.S. , the Canada , the United Kingdom , the Irish , the Norwegian and the Spanish , the two ceremonies cheap auto transport may be held together.
While some countries, such as the Australia , allow that marriages are celebrated in private and in any location, others, like the England and Wales , require that the civil ceremony be held in a open to the public and is designed by law. In England, the place where the marriage is not necessarily a church or registry office, but can be very like a hotel, a historic building or other place that has obtained the necessary authorization.
In Israel , too, there is no rule of religious marriage on civil marriage. [ref. required]
Witnesses
In order to provide some security to the sincerity of marriage (civil or religious), the bride and groom must call witnesses who shall guarantee its validity. It is not necessary that these witnesses are family members of married couples.
Civil marriage
In France , since 1792 , the law requires the presence affiliate marketing ebook of at least one or two witnesses for each spouse major (four witnesses at the most). During the wedding ceremony, they sign the register of civil status .
Witnesses must be 18 years of age Jewish Wedding Gifts (Article 37 of the Civil Code ) 36 .
Religious marriage (as in Catholicism )
Witnesses religious marriage are not necessarily the same as witnesses of civil marriage . It need not be baptized, nor even whether they are Catholic, their role is primarily human.
There is no limit to the number of witnesses, but on the register, there is only room for two signatures, even if they can sign near 37 .
The wedding ceremony
Main article: Marriage .
Noce forming a heart around the newlyweds ( Kyrgyzstan ).
A marriage takes the form of a ceremony also called marriage .
Organization of the ceremony
Organizing a wedding is to manage all the preparations for the conduct of the ceremony.
So for a traditional wedding, this preparation cover both the restoration of the guests ( restaurant or delicatessen ), that the rental vehicle or banquet hall, or the intervention of other professionals (photographer, band, DJ, …). This organization can be so tedious that the bride and groom should do it ahead of time and to budget accordingly. is to avoid all these hassles that have appeared wedding planners ( Wedding Planner spa covers in English) who are paid to assist in the preparation of ceremonies and all aspects relating thereto 38 .
This preparation is started over a year in advance for most couples sighted [ref. needed] , who wish to make this day perfect [no neutral] . For this reason, some dates are booked a year in advance for mayor [ref. required] for example it will be difficult Bankruptcy to find a Saturday afternoon free in July if you do it takes until March [ref. needed] . The same problem can occur for the reservation of the other usual drinks (catering, room, etc …)
Practical elements
Uzbek couple posing at the observatory of Ulugbek.
Wedding attire
In Western countries, the wedding dress is usually all white, sometimes accented with splashes of pastel colors, pink, blue or even red. As the white expresses the sweetness and virginity hcg diet reviews in women, a woman should not put blank in combination with another color white. However we are not paid more attention these days and fashion offers more scrabble word finder choices of colors, however, white is a tradition. This place is increasingly being adopted worldwide. The white is the traditional color of weight loss pills wedding dresses in the West, but it was not always married in white in France . In the past, the bride wore a gown usually of red (as is always the case in China today) because it was the color most easily obtained for the dry cleaner , so the cheapest. A white dress would often be made by cons of cloth thin ( silk or cotton of good quality) that was much more expensive. The tradition of white wedding dates only from the end of the xviii th century .
The groom is either a jacket or a suit (two or three pieces) dark 39 .
Procession
In the West, there are certain customs for entry into the town hall and in the place of worship, and to exit 40 .
Cocktail (or cocktail)
When there is a sizeable amount of time between the ceremony and dinner, it is customary to provide participants with a reception, consisting of various drinks and light snacks 41 .
Wedding feast
In the West it is customary to offer a meal to the guests of the wedding. There are rules for table arrangements, and placement of family and friends 42 .
Music
In the West, a work of some of classical music regularly accompany the marriage ceremony:
Felix Mendelssohn – Wedding March (The Dream of a Summer Night)
Franz Schubert – Ave Maria
Johann Pachelbel – Canon
Richard Wagner – Prelude to Act I of Lohengrin
Edward Elgar – Pomp and Circumstance March No. I
Antonio Vivaldi – Spring ( The Four Seasons )
After dinner, a ball is often organized for the guests. The opening of this ball is, in the free ipad West, an honor traditionally reserved for spouses.
Sociology and Statistics
France
Is celebrated between 250,000 and 300,000 marriages per year in France 43 .
For the year 2008 , 273,500 marriages were selected by the INSEE 44 .
France had in 2006 , a marriage rate of 4.4 per 1 000 45 .
Belgium [ change ]
The marriage rate was in Belgium in 2005, 4.1 per 1000 inhabitants 46 .
Switzerland [ change ]
The marriage rate was in Switzerland in 2007, 5.3 per thousand inhabitants 47 .
Quebec [ change ]
The marriage rates of Quebec has undergone major changes during the xx th century . Thus, from 6.5 marriages per thousand in 1900 (n = casino 10,103), Quebec has risen to 10.7 marriages per thousand (n = 35,069) in 1940, a record for the province xx th century. There is then a long decline in marriage rates, despite a weak start in the early years of the decade 1970 to $ 2.9 marriages per thousand (n = 22,234) in 2005 48 .
This significant drop in marriage rates is particularly marked on the side of religious marriage. While almost all marriages were religious in the early 1970s ( 97.8% in 1969) this proportion is only 66.6% in 2005 49 . New values, derived in part from the Quiet Revolution , and a drastic decline in religious practice in the last 50 years partly explain the decline of religious marriage in Quebec.
The average age of the spouses in Quebec is 32 years for men and 30 years for women 50 .
Law
The law of marriage concerns:
the rights and duties of spouses to the authority which celebrated the ceremony (the law for civil marriage in France)
the marriage contract in respect of questions of ownership of assets and income of the couple, according to the types of matrimonial regimes.
Rights and duties of spouses
The spouses have rights and duties, which are based on the country in which they have contracted marriage.
Types of matrimonial
Main article: Matrimonial .
This section is empty, insufficiently detailed or incomplete. Your help is welcome!
France
Main article: Marriage in France # Detailed map of civil marriage under French law .
In France , the rights and duties are as follows 51 :
The spouses owe each other “respect, fidelity , relief assistance ” 52 .
The spouses have equal rights in marriage.
The couple is jointly moral and material direction of the family and provide for the education of children to prepare for the future (section 213 of the Civil Code).
The wedding ring spouses Chicago Criminal Defense Lawyer contribute towards the expenses of the marriage in proportion to their respective means (Article 225 of the Civil Code).
Either spouse may spend only contracts that are designed to maintain the household and raising children (Article 220 of the Civil Code).
Either spouse may be opened any deposit account (including postal checking accounts, bank account, savings account) and any securities account in his own name, without the consent of the other (section 221 of the Civil Code) .
Maintenance due to spouses and by them.
Adoption. The spouses may adopt a child provided they are married for at least two years or one of them is over the age of twenty-eight years.
Spouses are required to have a community life.
The spouses are personally taxable income that were disposed during the year of their marriage until the date of it. As of marriage, they are subject to joint taxation for income earned by each of them.
French law provides for four types of plans. The first is the universal community. The second is community property (the legal regime, that is to say that failing to apply different choice). The third is the separation of property. The fourth is the sharing plan of acquisitions, the spouses are considered separate during the marriage and then appear as common property during the operations of dissolution of the community.
Algeria
Main article: Comparative Law of marriage French-Algerian .
South Africa [ change ]
Since early 2007, a decision of the Constitutional Court has given the legal possibility of marriage or civil unions for same-sex couples, and the choice between these two terms. The rights and duties derived from them are the same as marriage or civil union heterosexuals. Officials of Home Affairs and the people sworn to administer a marriage have the right to refuse to perform a gay marriage , but in each regional office, there is at least one official who accepts this mission.
After the wedding
Honeymoon
Main article: Honeymoon .
It is customary for the couple to make a pleasure trip, the destination is often that of exotic countries.
Sex and procreation
Marriage is historically related to human reproduction , most cultures promote its “consumption”, a euphemism common to refer to sex between spouses. For example, the Roman Catholic Church , yet electronic cigarette attached to the notion of indissolubility of marriage, allows an annulment on the grounds of non-consumption. This concept differs from a divorce: a cancellation establishing a posteriori that the marriage never existed.
Western manners give free choice to married couples in terms of reproduction . In some cultures, marriage imposes upon women the obligation to bear children. In northern Ghana , for example, the payment of a dowry obliges women to have children, and women who submit to birth control are facing serious threats of physical reprisals.
Across cultures and eras, the reports without consent in marriage may or may not be a rape from the perspective of the law. They can be a simple abuse, as was the case in France until 1992.
At all times and in all cultures, children are born out of wedlock, this fact is more or less accepted across cultures. In the West, this has gradually been accepted since the sixties, as long as both parents are unmarried . In cultures where the phenomenon is not accepted, weddings can be organized in a hurry to save the honor of the mother and the future of the child.
In France, the National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED) reported that in 1965 , 5.9% of births to unmarried parents 53 . In 2000 , this percentage had risen to 40% Chrome Wire Shelving 53 . Until recently, children born out of wedlock wow gold were regarded either as ” illegitimate children “(if one parent was also married: also known as illegitimate children) or as” illegitimate children “(if neither parent n ‘ is married) and suffered legal disadvantages and social handicaps.
In France, the 1964 law on the supervision and the law of 1970 chiropractic marketing on the parental authority were near the situation of children born in wedlock and children born out of wedlock, while maintaining a certain inequality. Thus, the natural children received only half the share of legacy locksmith they would have been entitled if they were legitimate, while illegitimate children had no right to inheritance and were even deprived of descent 54 hcg diet reviews . The law of January 3, 1972 , prepared by the Minister René Pleven and the Justice Minister Jean Foyer , rapporteur of the bill to the National Assembly, assimilated completely natural situation of the child and the legitimate child 54 . The illegitimate child, meanwhile, won the rights to establish his parentage, and is regarded as a full member of the family , except with regard to inheritance, which he is entitled to only half of what would have been entitled as a child legitimate or natural 54 .
The Poland did not recognize yet, in 2009, illegitimate children, and deprived of descent. These are given a fictional father on their marital status , even though their real father is known.
Anniversaries
Main article: Anniversaries .
The wedding anniversaries are traditionally celebrated and wear nicknames, here’s a partial list:
10: tin
15: Crystal
20 years: china
25 years: money
30: Pearl
33 years: porphyry
35: Ruby
40: Emerald
45: vermeil
50 years or
55: Orchid
60: Diamond
65: Rosewood
70 years: platinum
75: Alabaster
80 years: oak
Marriage in the arts and literature
Marriage is a major issue in the literature by:
most of the arranged marriage, marriage of love thwarted or impossible.
the theme of the married couple, the deterioration of relations, adultery, the crisis of the couple and the renewal of ties.